Not really, no. The Roman Empire divided in 285, so Athens had been a part of the Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire for 200 years at that time, and would be for another millennium.
Vietnam (sort of) got its independence recognized in 1954. Independence was declared in 1945. In between was a war of independence. You could argue that Saigon was merely occupied in the meantime.
I know France was a republic in the 50s, but its colonial possessions are always described by historians as an empire regardless of the constitutional regime at home.
There is the first French colonial empire in the Americas in the 18th century (Louisiana, Haiti, etc), then the second colonial empire in Africa and Asia from the 19th century to the 1950s (Algeria, French Congo, Vietnam, etc).
I remembered both of the answers for Jerusalem, thanks to Monty Python's Life of Brian and the Judean People's Front. Or was it the People's Front of Judea?
You're not wrong to go for the viceroyalties, but Cuzco was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, not the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata, and the latter wasn't a viceroyalty yet in 1700, but a captaincy general.
I think Yuan or China should be allowed for Beijing. The Mongol Empire in 1300 was only really a loose confederation with the Western Khans giving only nominal subservience to the Yuan Emperors in Khanbaliq (Beijing). The Great Khans following Kublai ruled as Emperors of the Yuan Dynasty of China. I do realise allowing China as an answer makes it a little too obvious, but disallowing it isn't really accurate.
which is more accurate as Judea was the name of the Roman province before the Maccabean revolt. I'm not sure but I don't think the locals continued calling it Judea during the Hasmonean dynasty, though I'm sure the Romans still called it that up until they reconquered it and changed the name to Syria Palaestina, to attempt to destroy its Jewish identity.
Pretty easy, though if you don't accept simply "Roman Empire" for "Byzantine Empire" maybe at least accept "Eastern Roman Empire?" the only one that tripped me up for a second. I was trying to think of who else other than the Roman Empire would have controlled bits of the Balkans in 500 AD, and even tried Byzantium, before getting the answer you were looking for.
Macedonia should be changed to Macedon, which is what the ancient kingdom is called. Macedonia can be thought of as connected to the modern region of Macedonia (split among four countries) or the country of North Macedonia both of which are as far from the ancient kingdom as it goes.
Wouldn't the title make more sense as 'City to Historical Country'? Because it's the country that's historical, whereas the city is using the modern name. Unless it's meant to be City to Country, but Historical.
Also can you accept Eastern Roman Empire, Eastern Rome or Byzantium for the Byzantine Empire?
Any chance we can accept either Greek or Alexander for Macedonia. I know that’s a little weird but I tried both before deciding it must be something else.
You know when you think, "I typed Ottoman for Athens because it's the obvious choice, but it didn't work. What the heck obscure empire took over Athens before the Ottomans?" Then two minutes go by and you try every possible thing... you even try like... Serbia... and then you get desperate and try Ottoman again and it works? Then you're left wondering... what the heck did I type the first time?
I consider the Byzantine empire an extension of the Roman empire. I know it was farther East but it is still the Roman empire. Willy you accept Roman for Byzantine?
Now... "Roman empire" should be accepted for "Byzantine" - the distinction is born to delegitimate them from claiming they are the continuation of the Roman empire (which, undeniably, they were).
At the very least "Eastern Roman empire" should be accepted, but given the year (500 A.D.), and given the fact that later than that much of the Western Roman empire was in the hands of a Latin-speaking emperor of such empire, I'd really just advocate for "Roman".
Should be more options available for Athens in 300 BC as it was technically controlled by the Antigonid dynasty since Alexander's empire had already been split up. Macedonia also seems fine but somewhat of a vague answer.
There is the first French colonial empire in the Americas in the 18th century (Louisiana, Haiti, etc), then the second colonial empire in Africa and Asia from the 19th century to the 1950s (Algeria, French Congo, Vietnam, etc).
Also can you accept Eastern Roman Empire, Eastern Rome or Byzantium for the Byzantine Empire?
At the very least "Eastern Roman empire" should be accepted, but given the year (500 A.D.), and given the fact that later than that much of the Western Roman empire was in the hands of a Latin-speaking emperor of such empire, I'd really just advocate for "Roman".