Edexcel Politics 8. US Politics: President and Supreme Court

Question or Term

Answer

That which is important in that its individual parts/members generally run large departments with large budgets

George W. Bush's foreign policy doctrine formulated after 9/11 based on the ideas of the 'virtue of American primacy' and pre-emptive war

The fourth and fifth stage of the Supreme Court appointments process in which the nominee appears before hearings by the Senate Judiciary Committee with witnesses (such as those with close knowledge of the individual, or interest groups) before a recommendatory vote and a final vote by the whole Senate

The head of the Office of Management and Budget, the appointment of whom requires Senate confirmation, whom runs said office, gives advice, and speaks on behalf of the President on budgetary matters

That which some reassessed the 'imperial presidency' as due to an increasingly assertive Congress post-Nixon, which passed laws restricting the foreign policy powers of the presidency

That individual who holds the dual roles and formal powers of being Head of State and Head of Government

A 2007 5:4 Supreme Court ruling that upheld the 2003 ban on a method of abortion of viable foetuses by partial delivery and crushing of the skull for removal, criticised for not considering the woman's health, only making an exception if her life were at risk

That office to which a person accedes either by election alongside the President or appointment mid-term subject to the approval of a simple majority by both chambers of Congress

That which the President must rely on as his powers are checked by Congress, and thus he must convince them not to obstruct his agenda

That term the usage of which is problematic as it is often used to criticise a court for making a decision unpopular with the user of the term rather than as rational criticism

Question or Term

Answer

An amendment to the Constitution comprising part of the Bill of Rights beginning 'Congress shall make no laws respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof' and continuing 'Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech or of the press'

That the meetings of which have often been criticised for discussions being incoherent and members too specialised and numerous to talk on wider issues with authority or competence

That body which politicises appointments to the Supreme Court by increasingly voting along party lines, and focussing on scandal, innuendo, and political philosophy above competence, with little effective scrutiny, especially under unified government

That office the success of which has often been determined by; economic prosperity and unified government, such as under Reagan, George W. Bush, and Obama, causing accusations of an imperial presidency

That which most Supreme Court cases are, as well comprising nearly all the influential examples of such cases

The thirteen courts of appeal which serve as the second highest courts in the US, and from which the Supreme Court receives most of its appeals

The decades in which the Democrat-Republican two-party system established itself

That Supreme Court case in which the court ruled as it did because the 'individual mandate' requiring American's possess health insurance or face consequences was a tax and thus allowed of Congress by the Constitution separate to the Commerce Clause which was not applicable

That the function of which is to draw-up the President's schedule, act as liaison between the President and Congress, departments, the Cabinet, etc., and to facilitate and manage who has contact with the President in line with his need and agenda

That which the Supreme Court has been said to be as judicial review allows it to declare points of law and establish precedent with the effect of law such as in Roe v Wade