Hint
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Answer
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___ is personified as the real enemy in the war
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Nature/weather
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___ imagery reminds the reader of the men's pain, bad weather, lack of hope
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Bleak
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Assonance, onomatopoeia and carefully chosen verbs add to bleak mood and make descriptions vivid and ___
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depressing/sad/miserable/melancholic
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THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT
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BRIGADE
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Narrated in ___ ___ making it seem like a story
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third person
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___ rhythm creates fast pace and imitates the cavalry's advance and energy of the battle
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Regular/relentless
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Rhyming ___ and ___ drive poem forward, but momentum is broken by unrhymed lines. Mirrors stumbling horses/falling soldiers
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couplets triplets
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Lack of regular rhyme scheme resembles ___ of war
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chaos
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The story is told ___
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chronologically
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___ creates sense of impending doom and inevitability
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Repetition
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Repetition of "___ ___" reinforces the mass destruction of the war
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six hundred
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Adverbs and verbs like "boldly" and "charging" seem ___
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heroic
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Respectful language shows that the speaker feels the soldiers should be ___
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admired/honoured/remembered
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Violence: powerful verbs & adjectives give sense of violence in the battle. Sounds are often ___
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plosive
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Punctuation also adds to the sense of ___. Poem has noisy atmosphere
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chaos
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CAT
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RIN
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Free ___, with no regular rhythm or rhyme
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verse
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Makes emotion feel authentic. ___ also helps imitate flowing thoughts and reflects the 'rope of love' - persisting link between the pair
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Enjambment
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Punctuation and ___ show cracks in relationship
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caesurae
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Two ___ - the daughter's birth and a later argument - are compared
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confrontations/arguments/conflicts
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Relationship presented as challenging. Birth described as "___ ___" and mother still fighting daughter off later in life
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fierce confrontation
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No ___ to the conflict
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resolution/conclusion/end
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Rope binds pair together. "___ ___" suggests plentiful supply of maternal love, but also suggests that daughter's love is buried
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heart's pool
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WAR
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PHOTOGRAPHER
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___ ___ reveals thoughts and events in natural style
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free verse
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Mirrors interest in truth because words are not dressed up in ___
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rhyme
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Varying stanza/line lengths reflect ___ of frames
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flexibility
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___ structure: begins and ends by exploring flexibility of frames and boundaries
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cyclical
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This is initially reassuring, but becomes menacing (how easy it is to ignore ___)
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suffering
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Contrasts highlight ___ and ___, eg. Ascot girls vs small girl. Connects the girls, while emphasising a huge difference in their experiences.
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similarities differences
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Powerful descriptions of warzones force reader to confront the ___
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truth
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Pleasant descriptions of the girl and her baby in the ___ of the photo contrast reality
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caption
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BELFAST
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CONFETTI
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___ line lengths, incomplete sentences and enjambment reflect a lack of clarity in the speaker's thoughts
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Varying/differing
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Starts ___ ___ ___ and has no real conclusion
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in media res
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1st stanza is past tense, second is present. Shift creates sense of ___
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immediacy
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Also shows how trauma is ___. Speaker can't come to terms with what they saw
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ongoing
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Imagery of ___, and frequent use of violent vocabulary reinforces impression of devastation
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fragmentation
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___ usually shows structure. By scattering it throughout poem, loss of control is conveyed
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punctuation
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Weapon. It brings terror instead of ___
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order
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THE CLASS
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GAME
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"I" vs "you" emphasises ___ division
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class
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Mostly in ___ ___ but some are pararhymes
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rhyming couplets
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Reflects speaker's belief that formal langage/conventions are unnecessary and that they're proud of their ___
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heritage/culture/identity/class
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One sided ___ and ___ structure. Speaker asks questions, responds with even more questions
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question answer
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After each repetition of "___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___" the speaker asks about different elements of their identity
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How can you tell what class I'm from?
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The final change to "I'm proud of the class that I come from" provides a clear ___
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conclusion/ending
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___ gives the speaker authenticity and makes the poem personal
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Dialect
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___ language/working class slang make the poem conversational. Reinforces speaker's pride in their class
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Colloquial/informal
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___ such as 'patio' and 'yard' emphasise the triviality of the divide
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Contrasts
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POP
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PIES
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___ person narrative
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First
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Provides strong impression of the mother's ___
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emotions/feelings
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No ___ rhyme/rhythm - sounds like thoughts/memories
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regular
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Long sentences and ___ also provide this impression
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enjambment
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Poem is ___ but the time frame is ambiguous
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chronological
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Memories of the son's ___ are mingled with those of him leaving home
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childhood
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Mother's ___ from her son shown in the ways she can't touch or hear him
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distance/separation
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She touches other things and listens for his voice "___ ___ ___" but can't replace the person
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on the wind
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War imagery and mentions of the war memorial convey violence, and perhaps the son's ___
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death
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Images of war are juxtaposed with ___ images of family life
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domestic
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NO
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PROBLEM
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___ person makes it personal
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first
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___ rhyme scheme looks at new part of problem every 4 lines
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ABCB
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More conventional to use ___ but 2 stanzas of different lengths reflects speaker's message that they're more than what's expected of them
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quatrains
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1st stanza is how speaker's been affected by racial ___
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stereotypes
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2nd looks to the future and hopes for ___
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change/progress
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___ ___ ___ dialect - words are spelt as they're spoken
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Phonetic Caribbean English
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Reflects pride and authenticity in ___
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culture/heritage/identity/ethnicity
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Language of ___ creates sympathetic response
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victimisation
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Speaker repeatedly demonstrates that they're more complex than stereotypes expected of them - language of ___
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defiance
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Last line is ___ to create more authenticity and encourage the reader to reflect on using that argument as an excuse
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humorous
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WHAT WERE THEY
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LIKE?
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Unusual ___ and ___ form
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question answer
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Not immediately recognisable as ___ ___
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free verse
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May reflect how ___ is also not recognisable
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Vietnam
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___ and questions create ponderous pauses
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caesurae
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How to read it is ___, mirroring the poem's unease
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ambiguous
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Peaceful, ___ imagery contrasts with war
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idyllic
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Consequences of war are described vividly to ___ to reader
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shock
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The speaker is ___ and respectful
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formal
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However, they have an ___/sarcastic undertone. They are repressing the true extent of their feelings about the war
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insincere
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