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Biggest Cities in the Gunpowder Empires with a Map

With the help of a map, can you name the 80 most populous cities controlled by the Mughal, Ottoman and Safavid Empires in the late 17th century?
Click on the map to zoom in.
Sources used for population estimates listed in this Pastebin.
Both historical and modern-day names accepted.
* indicates European presence in a city.
Quiz by Dekkie
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Last updated: May 12, 2024
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First submittedMay 12, 2024
Times taken107
Average score47.5%
Rating5.00
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Ottoman Empire
700k
Constantinople
40k
Târgoviște
175k
Cairo
37k
Medina
135k
Smyrna
36k
Feodosia
100k
Adrianople
35k
Diyarbakır
85k
Algiers
30k
Constantine
80k
Basra
30k
Hama
70k
Damascus
30k
Izmail
70k
Tunis
30k
Kayseri
65k
Aleppo
30k
Sarajevo
60k
Bursa
30k
Sofia
50k
Baghdad
27k
Plovdiv
50k
Bucharest
27k
Serres
50k
Mecca
26k
Ruse
50k
Skopje
25k
Bakhchysarai
45k
Ankara
25k
Bulaq
40k
Belgrade
25k
Damietta
40k
Salonica
25k
Mosul
Safavid Empire
350k
Isfahan
75k
Tabriz
60k
Qazvin
45k
Kerman
37k
Qom
35k
Mashhad
35k
Shamakhi
30k
Ardabil
30k
Balkh
30k
Tehran
Mughal Empire
380k
Ahmedabad
45k
Hyderabad
340k
Bijapur
45k
Thatta
200k
Aurangabad
42k
Ayodhya
170k
Patna
35k
Cuttack
150k
Dhaka
35k
Golconda
125k
Srinagar
35k
Gwalior
100k
Rajmahal
35k
Khambhat
75k
Varanasi
35k
Munger
70k
Agra
33k
Puri
60k
Delhi
30k
Bihar Sharif
60k*
Hugli
30k
Mandu
60k
Ujjain
30k
Machilipatnam
55k
Amber
25k
Bidar
55k
Lahore
25k
Bikaner
55k
Udaipur
25k
Dhar
50k*
Cossimbazar
25k
Kabul
50k
Jodhpur
25k
Multan
50k*
Surat
25k
Pune
2 Comments
+2
Level 71
May 13, 2024
This is a really beautiful quiz--easy nomination from me! Did Delhi really have such a small population under the Mughals though? It was their capital for quite some time and the site of many of their greatest monuments... ditto for Lahore and Agra. Meanwhile, Bijapur is not a city I've ever heard of. How times have changed, I guess.
+2
Level 55
May 13, 2024
Thanks!

It's true that all three of these cities were larger in the earlier parts of the 17th century:

- Agra would start declining in favour of Delhi in the mid-17h century.

- Delhi would normally be the residence of the emperor, but Aurangzeb's large moving camp that consisted of most of the population was not present there in the later years of the 17th century and resided at Aurangabad instead.

- Lahore was in a "ruinous state" by 1664, according to a source from Tertius Chandler.

- Bijapur was the center of a Deccan sultanate that had fallen under Mughal vassaldom by the late 17th century. It suffer from a plague outbreak in 1688, killing most of the population and ending its prosperity.