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Question or Term
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Answer
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That foreign policy circumstance during which the President is indisputably more powerful than Congress, owing to his ability to act quickly as Commander in Chief such as in Trump's assassination of Iranian General Soleimani in January 2020
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Crisis
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Unilateral presidential appointments to a federal office while the Senate is in recess, hampered by the Senate via the holding of regular pro-forma session every few days during recesses
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Recess Appointments
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An Obama era executive order to indefinitely delay the deportation of certain illegal immigrants, declared unconstitutional by the federal courts
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DAPA
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That which can be weakened by periods of divided government or from being elected on a minority of the vote as occurred with Trump against Hillary Clinton
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Electoral Mandate
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Those two bodies between which there is tension due to the former having much closer proximity and access to the President, and due to the divided loyalties of the latter to the President, the executive departments, Congress, pressure groups, etc.
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Executive Office of the President and Cabinet
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A 1973 7:2 Supreme Court ruling that the Fourteenth Amendment right of 'liberty' included 'freedom of personal choice in matters of marriage and family life' including the right of a woman to abort a pregnancy
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Roe v Wade
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The third stage of the Supreme Court appointments process in which the President, having interviewed and selected from the finalists declares his candidate before key members of the executive, Congress, and the press, with the American Bar Association Standing Committee giving them a rating on qualification
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Announcement
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The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court since 2005, nominated by George W. Bush, known for his strict constructionist moderate conservative views and his position as a swing justice in some cases
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John Roberts
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Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1969 to 1986, nominated by Nixon, known for being conservative though also for heading the court during Roe v Wade, and the rejection of Nixon's claim of executive privilege during Watergate
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Warren Earl Burger
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The legislative and judicial authority granted to the President by the Constitution
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Formal Powers
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An approach to judicial decision making which holds that judges should defer to the legislature and executive, and to precedent established in previous Court decisions, i.e. stare decisis
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Judicial Restraint
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Where a certain percentage of places in higher education or employment are reserved for people from previously disadvantaged minorities, effectively banned by University of California v Bakke (1978)
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Quotas
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That amendment the opening sentence of which has been criticised as being contradictory as 'free exercise' of a religion could allow for things such as prayers in schools which could be seen as an 'establishment of religion'
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First Amendment
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That individual who holds the dual roles and formal powers of being Head of State and Head of Government
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President
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A 1965 Johnson era act that overturned Jim Crow laws, opening the door for black voter registration, part of which was declared unconstitutional in Shelby County v Holder
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Voting Rights Act
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That the benefits of which are that it increased three-fold the enrollment of black students at university and has sped up the move to racial representativeness in universities
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Affirmative Action
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That Supreme Court case in which the court ruled as it did because the 'individual mandate' requiring American's possess health insurance or face consequences was a tax and thus allowed of Congress by the Constitution separate to the Commerce Clause which was not applicable
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National Federation of Independent Business v Sebelius
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A formal power of the President to excuse people the legal consequences for their actions
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Presidential Pardon
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That office the success of which has often been determined by; economic prosperity and unified government, such as under Reagan, George W. Bush, and Obama, causing accusations of an imperial presidency
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Presidency
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A 2004 Supreme Court case in which the court upheld the constitutionality of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act which limited advertising expenditure during political campaigning
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McConnell v Federal Election Commission
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