Could somebody explain how Saudi Arabia is not on this list? You have a bunch of neighbouring coastal countries here, and I would have assumed that the interior of Saudi Arabia would be even hotter. Is it because they experience lower temperatures at night or something?
Also, it's such a big country so I assume that parts of it may be cooler than others. I guarantee you that India has individual states that would be up here, but it's balanced by cooler regions like mountains and coastal areas.
Really shows how much colder the Pacific Ocean is than the Atlantic Ocean in the Americas. Colombia and Ecuador aren't on the list but every country except one on the Atlantic side of South America is. The only countries of Central America are the two with the longest ratio of Atlantic to Pacific coastline. Probably helps that the mountains are on the Pacific side too.
Humboldt Current is the name you're looking for (at least in South America). This cold current makes cities like Lima, Peru, have a cooler climate than cities in the same latitude. It also works with the South Pacific High (an anticyclone) to create the Atacama Desert
The Pacific is far warmer in the U.S. and Canada. At 60° North Anchorage is generally warmer than the Maritimes at 45° North getting blasted by the Labrador current coming down from the Arctic. Conversely, the water flows north into the Arctic around Alaska keeping it much warmer than the same latitude in the east.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean_Sea
"Note that, although Barbados is an island on the same continental shelf, it is considered to be in the Atlantic Ocean rather than the Caribbean Sea."