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Investigated and prosecuted corruption in the Indian Service, General Land Office and Post Office Department.
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Theodore Roosevelt
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Signed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, banning nearly all immigration from China for ten years.
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Chester A. Arthur
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The 24th President of the United States (1893-1897).
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Grover Cleveland
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Presided over most of the U.S. Civil War (1861-1865).
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Abraham Lincoln
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Continued his predecessor’s policy of breaking up monopolistic businesses, bringing 70 lawsuits under the Sherman Antitrust Act.
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William Howard Taft
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Became the first President to help settle a labor dispute (the Coal strike of 1902).
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Theodore Roosevelt
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During his presidency, the Sixteenth Amendment was passed, allowing Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states on the basis of population, thus overruling the Supreme Court decision in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., which held that Congress’s previous attempt to levy such a tax was unconstitutional.
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William Howard Taft
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Authorized Secretary of State James G. Blaine to call for a Pan-American conference in 1882 to mediate disputes among the Latin American nations and to serve as a forum for talks on increasing trade.
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James A. Garfield
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Advocated in 1881 for strengthening the Navy, which had shrunk from 700 vessels during the Civil War to 52, most of which were obsolete.
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Chester A. Arthur
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Was a committed non-interventionist, declining to continue foreign policy initiatives begun by his predecessors.
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Grover Cleveland
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In his inaugural address (1869), he urged ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment and called for “proper treatment” of Native Americans.
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Failed to convince Congress to pass legislation to replace the Civil Rights Act of 1875 when it was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1883.
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Chester A. Arthur
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The 28th President of the United States (1913-1921).
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Woodrow Wilson
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Oklahoma (1907) was admitted to the Union during his presidency.
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Theodore Roosevelt
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North Dakota (1889), South Dakota (1889), Montana (1889), Washington (1889), Idaho (1890) and Wyoming (1890) were admitted to the Union during his presidency.
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Benjamin Harrison
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Saved taxpayers about $10 million by refinancing the national debt.
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James A. Garfield
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In 1878, mediated a territorial dispute between Argentina and Paraguay over the Gran Chaco region. The territory was awarded to Paraguay, who renamed a city and a department in the President’s honor.
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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The 23rd President of the United States (1889-1893).
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Benjamin Harrison
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Signed the Emancipation Proclamation (1863), legally freeing all slaves.
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Abraham Lincoln
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The only President to serve two non-consecutive terms (as of January 2024).
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Grover Cleveland
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