#1: The leader of the victorious army of Germanic tribes was Arminius - or Hermann, as he was later called (hence Herman ze German). His story became a national myth in the 19th century when the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved and the French ruled over large parts of the country (see #5). Germans wanted to see themselves as noble barbarians who would eventually throw out the invaders again. The statue you see on the thumbnail was erected in honor of Arminius/Hermann in 1875.