Hint
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Answer
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Type of energy store: food, fuels, chemicals in batteries
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chemical
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Movement energy
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kinetic
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Energy of an object due to its position
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gravitational
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Energy in an object when stretched or squashed
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elastic
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Energy due to heating
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Thermal
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Energy cannot be _____ or ______
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created destroyed
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Energy transferred =
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work done
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Force x distance = (J)
|
work done
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1/2 x k x e2
|
elastic
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Energy transferred to where it's wanted in the way it's wanted
|
useful
|
Useful energy output / total energy input
|
efficiency
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To reduce friction:
|
lubricate
|
To reduce air resistance:
|
streamline
|
Earth's gravitational field strength (3 s.f.)
|
9.81
|
Energy transferred per unit of time
|
Power
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How well an object transfers energy
|
thermal conductivity
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How to reduce energy transfer through an object: shallow temperature ____
|
gradient
|
_____ material
|
thick
|
low thermal ____
|
conductivity
|
Energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 274K
|
specific heat capacity
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To find the specific heat capacity of an object you need:
|
mass
|
|
Energy
|
|
temperature
|
Double glazed windows have a _____ to reduce energy transfer
|
vacuum
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Fuel taken from a living or recently living organism
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biofuel
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Nuclear fuel
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Uranium
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Renewable sources of electricity:
|
solar
|
|
wind
|
|
tidal
|
|
biofuel
|
|
wave
|
|
hydroelectric
|
|
geothermal
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Nuclear and coal-fired power stations provide a constant amount of electricity (____ ____)
|
base load
|
Natural gas power stations have the _____ start-up time
|
shortest
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Current = ______ per unit of time
|
charge
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Only allows current in one direction
|
diode
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Voltmeters are connected in ______ with the component
|
parallel
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Wires and resistors are examples of...
|
ohmic conductors
|
As temperature increases in a wire ______ also increases
|
resistance
|
When the temperature in a thermistor increases, the current through it _____
|
increases
|
In a _____ circuit, the same current passes through each component
|
series
|
In a _____ circuit, potential difference is shared between the components
|
series
|
The total resistance of 2 (or more) in parallel is ____ than the resistance of the resistor with the least resistance
|
less
|
Components in parallel all receive the ____ potential difference
|
same
|
Current which repeatedly reverses direction
|
alternating
|
The frequency of mains electricity in the U.K. (Hz)
|
50
|
The live wire reaches ____V in each direction
|
235
|
Plugs are made of _____ because it is a good insulator
|
plastic
|
The neutral wire _____ the circuit
|
completes
|
The live wire is _____
|
brown
|
The neutral wire is _____
|
blue
|
The earth wire is _____
|
yellow and green
|
Step-up transformers _____ potential difference to reduce heat lost
|
increase
|
Wires are made of _____ because it is a good conductor
|
copper
|
The current through an electrical appliance is the _____ that flows through it each _____
|
charge second
|
Mass per unit volume
|
density
|
If a ______ ______ is reversed, the substance will recover its original properties
|
physical change
|
solid to liquid
|
melting
|
liqiud to gas
|
boiling
|
gas to liquid
|
condensation
|
liquid to solid
|
solidifying
|
solid to gas
|
sublimation
|
Particles in a solid are next to each other in _____ positions, and _____ about that position
|
fixed vibrate
|
Particles in a solid move ______
|
randomly
|
Energy transferred to a substance when it changes state is its _____ _____
|
latent heat
|
Specific latent heat of _____ between a solid and liquid
|
fusion
|
Specific latent heat of _____ between a liquid and a gas
|
vaporisation
|
kinetic energy + potential energy =
|
internal
|
Particles in a solid move in random directions at varying ______
|
speeds
|
Pressure is caused by the _____ of impacts of particles on container walls
|
force
|
Increased temperature = higher pressure due to more _____ collisions with more _____
|
frequent force
|
Random motion of particles in a fluid is called ______ motion
|
Brownian
|
______ radiation is stopped by paper
|
alpha
|
______ radiation is stopped by a thick layer of lead
|
gamma
|
______ radiation is stopped by aluminium
|
beta
|
Unit for radioactivity
|
becquerel
|
______ fired alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold
|
Rutherford
|
Alpha particles have _ protons and _ neutrons
|
2
|
Atoms of elements with different numbers of neutrons
|
isotopes
|
A beta particles is an _____
|
electron
|
It is emitted when there are too many _____ compared with _____
|
neutrons protons
|
When electrons are knocked off of atoms
|
ionisation
|
Smoke alarms use _____ radiation
|
alpha
|
Unwanted presence of materials containing radioactive atoms on other materials
|
radioactive contamination
|
The _____ of a radioactive source is the number of unstable atoms in a source that decay per second
|
activity
|
Time taken for count rate to decrease by half
|
half-life
|
Radioactive decay is a _____ event
|
random
|
Radioactive decay is a _____ event
|
chaotic
|
An electron moving to a lower energy level results in electromagnetic radiation being emitted in the form of a _____
|
photon
|