Statistics for Biology AQA GCSE Triple Higher Paper 1

Click here to take the quiz!

General Stats
Answer Stats
Score Distribution
Your Score History

General Stats

This quiz has been taken 35 times
(17 since last reset)
The average score is 45 of 352

Answer Stats

Hint	Answer	% Correct
Microscope that uses electrons to form an image in much higher magnification and resolution	Electron	86%
Microscope that uses light and lenses to magnify an image	Light	79%
Subcellular structure that controls what enters and leaves the cell	Cell membrane	57%
Subcellular structure that contains genetic material that controls cell activities	Nucleus	57%
Subcellular structure that contains enzymes to control reactions, and is where most of the cell's chemical reactions occur	Cytoplasm	50%
Subcellular structure that in plants provides rigidity and shape	Cell wall	43%
Subcellular structure that is where photosynthesis occurs	Chloroplast	43%
They have a lot of mitochondria to provide ___ needed	Energy	43%
___stain is added to the tissue	Iodine	43%
Subcellular structure that is where most reactions for aerobic respiration occur	Mitochondria	43%
Subcellular structure that is where protein synthesis occurs	Ribosome	43%
This splits into two ___	Bronchi	36%
These contain ___ to absorb light	Chlorophyll	36%
Cells that make up all animals and plants	Eukaryotic	36%
You look through the ___	Eyepiece	36%
The objective lens with the ___ magnification is selected initially	Lowest	36%
Small rings of DNA	Plasmids	36%
The slide is clipped onto the ___	Stage	36%
Sperm cells have a ___ to help swim to ovum	Tail	36%
In the lungs: air goes in through the ___	Trachea	36%
Pathogens that produce toxins that affect the body and make you feel ill	Bacteria	29%
Made of ___	Cellulose	29%
Xylem cells are ___ and form long, hollow tubes which allow water and minerals to move easily through the plant	Dead	29%
HIV/AIDS: starts with a mild, ___-like illness. Attacks immune cells.	Flu	29%
To prevent food poisoning, keep ___ chicken away from cooked food, avoid washing uncooked chicken, wash hands and surfaces well after handling, cook throughly.	Raw	29%
___ are used to peel off some epidermal tissue from the onion	Tweezers	29%
___ respiration: glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water	Aerobic	21%
End in air sacs called ___ where gas exchange occurs	Alveoli	21%
___ respiration: glucose -> lactic acid (not enough oxygen for the flucose to fully oxidise)	Anaerobic	21%
Starch, proteins and fats are molecules too ___ to pass through walls of digestive system	Big	21%
Spread by exchange of ___ ___ like sperm and blood, no cure/vaccine	Bodily fluids	21%
These split into progressively smaller tubes: ___	Bronchioles	21%
Diseases caused by pathogens and transmitted form person to person.	Communicable	21%
Hides inside immune system for years after initial symptoms, until the system is so badly ___ it can no longer deal with infections or certain cancers - AIDS	Damaged	21%
The process by which a cell changes in order to become specialised at its job	Differentiation	21%
The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration	Diffusion	21%
Causes brain damage, making it so soft and pulpy that structures are lost and it can no longer ___ properly	Function	21%
STD that causes thick yellow or green discharge and pain on urination	Gonorrhoea	21%
When your white blood cells have produced these once, they can be made very quickly if you encounter the same pathogen again - ___ cells.	Memory	21%
___ is the addictive chemical that is why people enjoy smoking	Nicotine	21%
Cannot be transmitted.	Non communicable	21%
Movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration.	Osmosis	21%
___ cells transport dissolved food through plants	Phloem	21%
___cells make up a single-celled organism	Prokaryotic	21%
___ ___ are undifferentiated and can divide to produce more undifferentiated cells or differentiate into different cells depending on given instructions	Stem cells	21%
Plant pathogen that causes distinctive mosaic discolouration on leaves as the virus destroys cells	Tobacco mosaic virus	21%
The female mosquito needs ___ meals of human blood before laying her eggs, so protists are passed into the blood stream	2	14%
Stomach produces ___ which destroys the microorganisms in the mucus you swallow and most of the ones you ingest	Acid	14%
Particles move up a concentration gradient.	Active transport	14%
___ in the lungs have walls one cell thick, a moist lining for dissolving gases, an excellent blood supply and a large surface area	Alveoli	14%
Breaks down starch into maltose and other sugars, such as dextrin. Made in salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine.	Amylase	14%
Fibres pull chromosomes and copies to opposite ends of cells.	Anaphase	14%
___ are specific for each type of pathogen, and bind the pathogens together and mark them for destruction	Antibodies	14%
Counteract toxins released by pathogens	Antitoxins	14%
Vessels that carry blood away from heart at high pressure	Arteries	14%
Nerve cells have a long ___ to increase speed of electrical impulses	Axon	14%
Measure the mass of each cylinder using a ___	Balance	14%
Add some ___ reagent using a pipette, and heat for 5 minutes	Benedict's	14%
Tumours contained in one place, usually within a membrane	Benign	14%
They have a ___ disc shape = large surface area for absorbing oxygen.	Biconcave	14%
Produced in liver and stored in gall bladder	Bile	14%
Protein test: Transfer 2cm^3 of food sample to test tube, and add ___ reagent.	Biuret's	14%
If the food sample contains reducing sugar, solution turns from ___ to green, yellow or brick red	Blue	14%
Iodine turns from orange-brown to ___ ___ when starch is present	Blue black	14%
Vessels that carry blood very close to cells in body to exchange substances.	Capillaries	14%
___ ___ diffuses into air spaces within leaf	Carbon dioxide	14%
Enzymes are biological ___ that increase the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up	Catalysts	14%
Chemical therapy used to either stop the cancer cells dividing or make them self destruct	Chemotherapy	14%
Chlorophyll in the ___ absorb light	Chloroplasts	14%
Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules that carry large numbers of genes	Chromosomes	14%
System made up of heart, blood vessels and blood.	Circulatory	14%
May cause ___ of the liver, where active liver cells are replaced with scar tissue that can't carry out vital functions	Cirrhosis	14%
The ___ ___ ___ is used to roughly focus the image	Coarse focussing wheel	14%
They have a ___ ___ next to them which provides energy to move food through phloem	Companion cell	14%
Blood flows through in one direction, water in the other. This maintains a large ___ ___ between the water and the blood	Concentration gradient	14%
Fix the lid with adhesive tape to prevent microorganisms from the air ___ the culture, or microorganisms from the culture escaping.	Contaminating	14%
During exercise, the body needs lots of energy for muscle ___	Contraction	14%
Cell membrane pinches in and eventually divides into two daughter cells	Cytokinesis	14%
The stomach is part of the ___ system, which breaks down and absorbs food	Digestive	14%
Trial with two groups. One is given the drug, one is given a placebo. Ensures that the medicine is actually effective.	Double blind	14%
If untreated, it causes pelvic pain, infertility, and ___ pregnancy	Ectopic	14%
The ___ are seen as a potential human life	Embryos	14%
___ fats for a larger surface area for enzymes to act on	Emulsifies	14%
They have ___ in the head to digest the egg cell membrane	Enzymes	14%
When drinking, ___ is absorbed into blood from gut and passes into tissues	Ethanol	14%
Made up of three molecules of ___ ___ joined to one glycerol	Fatty acids	14%
The ___ ___ ___ is used to increase clarity of the image	Fine focussing wheel	14%
___ are the exchange surface in fish	Gills	14%
In plants: ___ is converted into cellulose, starch, or reacted with nitrate ions to make amino acids	Glucose	14%
The lactic acid is transported by the blood to the liver and converted back to ___ by a series of chemical reactions	Glucose	14%
It also happens in the gut when ___ and nutrients enter the bloodstream	Glucose	14%
In humans: it is converted to ___ which is a storage form of glucose	Glycogen	14%
___ ___ open and close stomata to regulate gas exchange	Guard cells	14%
They contain ___.	Haemoglobin	14%
Heat ___ ___ till red hot in a Bunsen burner (leave this on (leave this on throughout experiment to create a convection current that carries airborne pathogens away.)	Inoculating loop	14%
Or to make ___ producing cells for diabetics	Insulin	14%
Starch test: Transfer 2cm^3 of food sample to test tube, and add ___ solution.	Iodine	14%
Sometimes the body cannot get enough oxygen so the glucose is instead converted to ___ ___	Lactic acid	14%
Water absorbed from undigested food in the ___ ___	Large intestine	14%
Leaves are broad for a big surface area for ___ to fall on	Light	14%
Spirals of ___ around them (a strong waterproof substance that supports the cell	Lignin	14%
Convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids. Made in the pancreas and small intestine.	Lipase	14%
1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids -> ___ (found in the cell membrane)	Lipid	14%
Have a bigger ___ to help blood flow despite low pressure.	Lumen	14%
Have walls that are strong, thick, and elastic and a small ___.	Lumen	14%
Disease caused by protists	Malaria	14%
The sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell or the body	Metabolism	14%
Chromosomes line up at centre of cell, spindle fibres attach	Metaphase	14%
Splitting up of original tumour, releasing small clumps of cells into the bloodstream/lymphatic system, which circulate and may lodge in another organ	Metastasis	14%
This happens in root hair cells when absorbing ___ ___	Mineral ions	14%
Used to grow, repair or replace damaged cells	Mitosis	14%
Fatty ___ ___ to insulate electrical impulses	Myelin sheath	14%
They also have no ___ = more room to carry oxygen.	Nucleus	14%
If starch is present, the colour of the solution will change from ___ ___ to blue-black.	Orange brown	14%
These organise themselves into ___	Organs	14%
A group of those forms an ___ ___ where multiple (above) work together to perform a particular function	Organ system	14%
The heart rate also increases to pump more ___ blood around the body	Oxygenated	14%
Drugs that treat symptoms, but do not cure disease.	Painkillers	14%
___ mesophyll contains lots of chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis	Palisade	14%
___ releases enzymes into small intestine, and smaller soluble food molecules are released into the bloodstream (from the SI)	Pancreas	14%
In stomach, ___ acts upon proteins, holding and churning food as it's mixed with enzymes	Pepsin	14%
Subcellular structure that stores cell sap - a weak solution of salts and sugars	Permanent vacuole	14%
RP Culturing bacteria: Sterilise ___ dishes and nutrient agar.	Petri	14%
___ ingest the pathogens through phagocytosis and destroy them so they don't make you ill	Phagocytes	14%
The endothermic reaction where carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen	Photosynthesis	14%
Affects growth as affected areas don't ___	Photosynthesise	14%
Alcohol passes across the ___ into the baby, affecting development of brain and body (Foetal Alcohol Syndrome)	Placenta	14%
Carries everything in blood, eg. urea, other components of blood, nutrients, carbon dioxide, hormones, proteins, antibodies, antitoxins.	Plasma	14%
Small fragments of cell that help blood clot.	Platelets	14%
___ seal cuts, preventing pathogens entering the body.	Platelets	14%
DNA in the chromosomes and their copies condense to become more visible. Membrane around nucleus disappears	Prophase	14%
Convert proteins into amino acids. Made in stomach, pancreas and small intestine.	Protease	14%
Help build and maintain cells, made up of amino acids	Proteins	14%
These contract, forcing blood into ___ ___ (right side of heart, to lungs) and aorta (left side, to body) out of the heart.	Pulmonary artery	14%
If protein is present, solution will turn from blue to ___	Purple	14%
Blood cells that carry oxygen from lungs to body cells.	Red blood cells	14%
The blood flows into the ___ ___ first.	Right atrium	14%
Fungal plant disease that causes purple/black spots to develop on leaves, often causing them to turn yellow and drop early	Rose black spots	14%
Food is chewed by teeth and mixed with ___ for swallowing, and amylase is produced by salivary glands	Saliva	14%
Disease that disrupts balance of natural gut bacteria, causing fever, cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea	Salmonella	14%
Makes thought processes, reflexes and reactions ___ than normal. Can lead to unconsciousness/death	Slower	14%
Digestive enzymes break them down into smaller ___ molecules	Soluble	14%
___ mesophyll contains big air spaces and has a large surface area to make diffusion of gases easier	Spongy	14%
When iodine solution does not change colour, ___ is no longer present: has all been broken down. Repeat with buffer solutions of varying pH to see how it affects time taken	Starch	14%
A deficiency in these will cause ___ growth and a crop won't be properly produced	Stunted	14%
Place each cylinder into a test tube. The first cylinder should have just 10 cm^3 water, and the other two should have 0.5mol and 0.25mol ___ solution.	Sugar	14%
New membranes form around each of the sets of chromosomes (nucleus divided)	Telophase	14%
Similar cells are organised into these	Tissues	14%
The transport of dissolved sugars around a plant in the (above)	Translocation	14%
The ___ of the leaf is an exchange surface, covered in stomata which (above) diffuses in through and oxygen and water diffuse out of	Underside	14%
Label dish and store ___ ___ to prevent condensation falling on the agar surface	Upside down	14%
Have ___ to keep blood flowing in right direction.	Valves	14%
Vessels that carry blood back to heart at low pressure	Veins	14%
It comes from the ___ ___ (from the body) and the pulmonary vein (from the lungs.)	Vena cava	14%
The atria contract, forcing blood into ____	Ventricles	14%
___ project from the small intestine to increase SA so digested food is absorbed more quickly into blood. Single layer of surface cells, very good blood supply	Villi	14%
Pathogens that take over body cells and reproduce inside them, damaging/destroying them	Viruses	14%
Often secretes a substance that covers the surface of the leaf (___ ___)	Waxy cuticle	14%
The ___ ___ on a leaf's surface acts as a barrier	Waxy cuticle	14%
Blood cells that defend against infection.	White blood cells	14%
Water is brought to the leaf through the ___ and products are removed in the phloem	Xylem	14%
Increasing the atmospheric CO2 concentration will increase the rate. Usually around ___%	0.04	7%
Position the tube so the pondweed is ___cm from the light source	10	7%
Heat beaker of water to __ degrees C	35	7%
Allow to stand for ___ minutes	5	7%
Testing for sugars: Transfer 5cm^3 of food sample to test tube and set water bath to ___ degrees C	75	7%
This is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to break down to remove the ___ lactic acid	Accummulated	7%
Where does the reaction actually occur on these?	Active site	7%
Bacterium that causes crown galls - mass of unspecialised cells that often grow at the join between root and shoot	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	7%
___ ___ allow carbon dioxide to get to cells and oxygen to leave	Air spaces	7%
___ ___ discovered the first antibiotic after a spore from the Penicillium mould contaminated one of his cultures	Alexander Fleming	7%
___ are aquatic so are adapted to photosynthesising in water.	Algae	7%
Can lead to breakdown in ___ structure, causing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Alveoli	7%
Also used to make ___ ___, combining sugars with nitrate ions from the soil. These are then built up into proteins	Amino acids	7%
Add 2cm^3 of ___ solution to the tube, mix and start the stop clock.	Amylase	7%
Don't seal all the way around, as oxygen still needs to get in to prevent ___ bacteria growth	Anaerobic	7%
The cilia are ___ during smoking, allowing dirt and pathogens to move into the lungs	Anaesthetised	7%
Reproduce sexually in the female ___ mosquito and asexually in the human	Anopheles	7%
Many plants produce ___ chemicals that protect against pathogens	Antibacterial	7%
Chemicals used inside bodies to kill bacteria	Antibiotics	7%
Drugs that work inside the body to kill bacterial cells without harming your own cells.	Antibiotics	7%
This divides to make cells that all produce the same ___, which are collected and purified	Antibody	7%
Can be slowed with ___ drugs	Antiretroviral	7%
Disinfectant safe to use on human skin	Antiseptic	7%
___ have sharp mouthparts that penetrate the phloem so they can feed on the sugar-rich sap of plants	Aphids	7%
___ hearts require lots of machinery and most patients must stay in hospital til a biological transplant	Artificial	7%
Device implanted into skin that has a wire going to heart. Produces current to keep heart beating regularly. ___ ___	Artificial pacemaker	7%
___ originates from a compound found in willow bark	Aspirin	7%
Can also be replaced with ___ valves (don’t require medication but only last 12-15 years.)	Biological	7%
In pregnancy, this might lead to stillbirths, low ___ and premature babies (as the foetus may not grow properly)	Birthweight	7%
They carry a risk of ___ ___	Blood clots	7%
The body increases aerobic respiration so increases the ___ rate and volume	Breathing	7%
This turns them from pink to grey and makes smokers more prone to ___	Bronchitis	7%
Count the number of ___ emerging from the cut end of the stem in one minute	Bubbles	7%
Add 1cm^3 of ___ solution with pH of choice to boiling tube, heat in beaker of water for 5mins	Buffer	7%
Mimicry: imitating healthy plants or mimicking ___ eggs on their surface so real ones don't get laid there	Butterfly	7%
Can trigger immune system to recognise, attack, and destroy ___ cells	Cancer	7%
There are many ___ to speed up diffusion and a thin layer of surface cells to minimise diffusion distance	Capillaries	7%
These store and provide energy. Made up of units of sugar.	Carbohydrates	7%
Some glucose is used in respiration. Some is built into complex ___ such as cellulose	Carbohydrates	7%
They absorb ___ ___ dissolved in the water around them. Also dissolves oxygen produced	Carbon dioxide	7%
___ ___ is poisonous and takes up some of the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood	Carbon monoxide	7%
___ plants have adapted to live in nitrate-poor soil by obtaining nutrients from insects they catch	Carnivorous	7%
Explains how on factor influences one another through a biological process	Causal mechanism	7%
Tumour cells do not respond to the normal mechanisms that control the ___ ___, dividing rapidly and not dying when necessary	Cell cycle	7%
Cellulose ___ ___ that strengthen cells also help resist invasion by pathogens.	Cell walls	7%
Measure the new mass using a balance and calculate ___	Change	7%
Deficiency will cause leaves to turn yellow (___) and slower growth	Chlorosis	7%
The lining of these is covered in ___ which beat to waft the mucus up to the back of the throat where it's swallowed	Cilia	7%
Trials of low doses on healthy people to check for side effects, then on patients to find the optimum dose and see if it's effective	Clinical	7%
If sample contains lipids, a ___ ___ ___ forms.	Cloudy white emulsion	7%
You can use a greenhouse to provide a warm atmosphere. ___ greenhouses also control light levels and carbon dioxide concentration	Commercial	7%
The substrate must be ___ in shape to this (lock and key theory)	Complementary	7%
ISSUES - Might be ___ and make the patient sicker	Contaminated	7%
Osmosis RP: Peel the potato and then use a ___ ___ to produce 3 cylinders of potato. Using this makes all of them the same diameter	Cork borer	7%
Has ___ ___ that branches off the aorta and surround the heart to provide supply of oxygenated blood.	Coronary arteries	7%
Nicotine makes heart rate increase while other chemicals damage artery lining, increasing risk of ___ ___ ___	Coronary heart disease	7%
___ ___ then return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.	Coronary veins	7%
___ trees lose leaves in autumn, causing pathogens that affect leaves to fall off too	Deciduous	7%
When some of the bonds holding the enzyme together break, changing the shape of the active site so the substrate no longer fits	Denaturing	7%
They have many ___ to form connections with other nerve cells	Dendrites	7%
Can bind to specific antigens found on pathogens or cancer cells to assist with ___ diseases	Diagnosing	7%
Cut the top of a piece of pondweed ___	Diagonally	7%
Thin for short ___ distances	Diffusion	7%
Spread by ___ ___ between diseased and healthy plant material	Direct contact	7%
Can also be used to give a ___ heart a rest so it can recover, reducing strain on it	Diseased	7%
Allow to stand for a few minutes, then shake to ___ air bubbles	Disperse	7%
Add ___ ___ and stir with a glass rod. Filter.	Distilled water	7%
Spread by ___ in air. There is no treatment, but there is a vaccine.	Droplets	7%
The DNA is ___ and forms X-shaped chromosomes - each "arm" of the chromosome is genetically identical	Duplicated	7%
To investigate ___ of disinfectants and antibiotics, add soaked circles of filter paper to the culture plate.	Effectiveness	7%
Over time, valves in the body might become stuff, leak, or not open properly, making the heart less ___	Efficient	7%
Have layers of muscle to make them strong, and ___ ___ to allow them to stretch and spring back	Elastic fibres	7%
They produce small ___ ___ which spread to surrounding muscles, causing contraction	Electrical impulses	7%
As temperature rises, rate increases. But reaction is controlled by ___ which are denatured around 40-50C. If temp is too high, therefore, rate falls.	Enzymes	7%
The energy released by respiration is used by ___ to synthesise new molecules in the cell	Enzymes	7%
When an enzyme connects to its substrate, it is called an ___ ___ ___	Enzyme substrate complex	7%
In leaves: ___ tissue covers the leaf's surface and protects it.	Epidermal	7%
___ tissue covers the inside and outside of the stomach	Epithelial	7%
Lipid test: Prepare sample of food. Add ___.	Ethanol	7%
(Above) respiration in yeast cells: glucose -> ___ + carbon dioxide	Ethanol	7%
___ ___ have a thin membrane for short diffusion distance, large surface area and, in animals, good blood supply to get substances in and out of blood fast	Exchange surfaces	7%
Material left is stored as ___ in the rectum then passed out through the anus	Faeces	7%
This builds up over long periods of vigorous activity and causes muscle ___, stopping the muscles from contracting efficiently	Fatigue	7%
This reaction is called:	Fermentation	7%
Good ___ ___ and pest control can help prevent spread	Field hygiene	7%
These close the stomata if the plant is losing water too quickly by going ___	Flaccid	7%
If not, water leaves the cells by osmosis and makes them ___ and the plant wilts	Flaccid	7%
The ___ shape of a leaf increases exchange area	Flattened	7%
Each exchange surface is made up of ___ ___ which provide a large SA.	Gill filaments	7%
___ tissue makes and secretes enzymes	Glandular	7%
The size of these is controlled by ___ ___	Guard cells	7%
Don't damage ___ cells and are specific so could treat a wide range of conditions	Healthy	7%
Digitalis and digoxin from foxgloves combat ___ problems	Heart	7%
When a large population of the population is immune to a disease, the spread of the pathogen is very much reduced and can even disappear.	Herd immunity	7%
Can measure levels of ___ in the blood, eg. in screening for HIV or illegal drug use	Hormones	7%
They are found in early ___ ___ and these can differentiate into any cell. Adult stem cells can't do this	Human embryos	7%
Scientists combine the two of these to make a ___	Hybridoma	7%
Growing plants in water instead of soil with the perfect nutrient balance instead of soil to make sure nothing slows down growth	Hydroponics	7%
Plants need fluid surrounding cells to be ___ to the cytoplasm	Hypertonic	7%
___ for a few days so microorganisms can grow.	Incubate	7%
Particularly dangerous when ___ or breathed in as it can penetrate cells directly	Ingested	7%
To prevent, use ___ impregnated mosquito nets, and prevent mosquito breeding by removing standing water and spraying water with insecticides to kill larvae	Insecticide	7%
The cell spends most of its life in the ___	Interphase	7%
Cannot ___ other parts of the body but grow large quickly	Invade	7%
Repeat at different distances from the light source. Light intensity should be ___ proportional to the square of the distance	Inversely	7%
___ ___ penetrates cells and damages chromosomes, causing DNA mutations that might cause cancer	Ionising radiation	7%
This is then excreted by the ___	Kidneys	7%
Defences against herbivores: poisons, thorns, hairy stems/leaves to prevent eggs being ___ there	Laid	7%
These are covered in ___ increasing the SA even more	Lamellae	7%
The ___ ___ has a thicker wall because it pumps blood at a higher pressure and therefore needs more muscle to do so.	Left ventricle	7%
When one or more of the conditions a plant needs to photosynthesise is in short supply and limits the amount of photosynthesis a plant can manage	Limiting factor	7%
Store energy, make up cell membrane and insulate.	Lipids	7%
Muscle cells are ___ to have space to contract and have many mitochondria to provide energy for contraction	Long	7%
White blood cells known as ___ make antibodies but don't divide	Lymphocytes	7%
___ ions are used to make chlorophyll	Magnesium	7%
Tumours that can spread around the body, invading healthy tissues (cancers)	Malignant	7%
Repeat the count 5 times and take the ___	Mean	7%
Causes fever, red skin rash, blindness, brain damage, death.	Measles	7%
Can be replaced with ___ valves (require medication to prevent blood clots but last a long time)	Mechanical	7%
Leave overnight to allow osmosis to take place, and then remove the cylinders and roll them on paper towels to remove surface ___	Moisture	7%
Preparing a food sample: Break up food with a ___ ___ ___	Mortar and pestle	7%
A ___ ___ is used to lever the cover slip onto the specimen and avoid air bubbles	Mounted needle	7%
Not as widely used as initially hoped. Create a lot of side effects, in part due to use of ___ cells for the lymphocyte	Mouse	7%
Mostly made out of ___ tissue	Muscular	7%
In the stomach, there are three types of tissue. ___ tissue moves the stomach to churn food	Muscular	7%
Pests such as ___ ___ and insect larvae live in the soil and feed on plant roots so they can't absorb water and mineral ions effectively	Nemotode worms	7%
Could be used to make working ___ ___ for those paralysed with spinal injuries	Nerve cells	7%
___ food leaving stomach as it's too acidic for enzymes in small intestine to work properly	Neutralises	7%
CO2 concentrations rise in the ___ because they respire but don't photosynthesise (due to lack of light) and it's then used up in the morning	Night	7%
___ ions are needed to covert sugars made in photosynthesis into proteins	Nitrate	7%
___ fruit is used in Costa Rican medicine and may have antibacterial properties	Noni	7%
___ is full of hair and produces mucus which traps particles which may contain pathogens or irritate lungs	Nose	7%
Single strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm	Nucleoid	7%
Stored as starch: glucose is water soluble so could affect ___ but starch isn't and therefore doesn't affect the water balance of the plant	Osmosis	7%
Reacting with the accumulated lactic acid and removing it from the cells requires ___	Oxygen	7%
The body must remove the lactic acid from the muscles, creating ___ ___	Oxygen debt	7%
In the lungs, this binds to oxygen, and in body tissues, the ___ splits up to release oxygen to cells.	Oxyhaemoglobin	7%
Heart rate is controlled by a group of cells in the right atrium wall that act as a ___	Pacemaker	7%
Bark on trees and a layer of dead cells on the outside of steams = a protective layer that is hard for pathogens to ___. When dead cells are shed, pathogens fall off with them	Penetrate	7%
Bacterium's cell wall is made of ___	Peptidoglycan	7%
In the oesophagus, ___ pushes food into the stomach	Peristalsis	7%
Have ___ walls 1 cell thick to allow diffusion	Permeable	7%
Can be destroyed with chemical ___ or by releasing aphid-eating insects like ladybirds	Pesticides	7%
Attack in large numbers, depriving the plant cells of products of ___ and weakening the plant. Can also act as vectors	Photosynthesis	7%
Every 30s, use a dropping ___ to take a fresh sample from the tube and put a drop in a well	Pipette	7%
Bacteria inserts ___ into plant cells and causes a mass of new, undifferentiated, genetically modified cells to grow	Plasmids	7%
If even more water is lost, vacuole and cytoplasm shrink, and eventually cell membrane pulls away from cell. This is ___	Plasmolysis	7%
In the UK, ___ are vaccinated against it	Poultry	7%
Trials where a lot of possible new drugs are made and tested in laboratory to see if they're toxic or effective. Then tested on animals	Preclinical	7%
Can be used in ___ tests binding to HCG	Pregnancy	7%
Might be dangerous if ___ is caused on an organ (eg, on the brain)	Pressure	7%
The isolation of someone with an infectious disease to reduce the chance of the pathogen being passed on	Quarantine	7%
Therapy where cancer cells destroyed by targeted radiation doses	Radiotherapy	7%
Brighter light means a faster ___ of photosynthesis. If there's no light, it cannot happen	Rate	7%
Can block ___ on the surface of cells to stop them growing and dividing	Receptors	7%
Affects the liver and damages ___ ___ cells. Causes fever and shaking when the protists burst out of these cells	Red blood	7%
Treated with antibiotics but is becoming ___ so harder to treat	Resistant	7%
The exothermic reaction used to transfer useful energy	Respiration	7%
Something in your life that makes you more susceptible to a disease/diseases	Risk factor	7%
Use a ___ to trim the cylinders to the same length	Scalpel	7%
Some used to build up fats and oils, often as an energy store in ___ to provide reactants for the new plant to respire as it germinates	Seeds	7%
The sides of the heart are separated by the ___ which stops oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixing.	Septum	7%
They have ___ ___ with holes allowing food to move from one cell to the next	Sieve plates	7%
Organ that covers body and acts as barrier, and produces antimicrobial secretions. Also covered with microorganisms that keep you healthy and act as an extra barrier against pathogens	Skin	7%
Light Intensity RP: Set up boiling tube containing 45cm^3 of ___ ___ ___ solution	Sodium hydrogen carbonate	7%
___ samples are being searched for helpful microorganisms	Soil	7%
Spread by ___ carried by the wind. Can be reduced by removing and burning affected leaves and stems	Spores	7%
RP: EFFECTS OF pH ON ENZYMATIC REACTIONS: Put a drop of iodine solution in each well of a ___ ___	Spotting tile	7%
Add 2 cm^3 ___ solution to the tube.	Starch	7%
They also have a ___ ___	Streamlined head	7%
The DNA is spread out in long strings and the cell is increasing its number of ___ ___.	Subcellular structures	7%
In ___ ___ the embryo is engineered to contain the same genetic information as the patient to prevent the cells being rejected	Therapeutic cloning	7%
Drooping or curling when ___ to dislodge insects/frighten larger animals.	Touched	7%
What does TED stand for? (___, ___, ___)	Toxicity, Efficacy, Dose	7%
The ___ and bronchi also secrete mucus.	Trachea	7%
The evaporation and movement of water away from the plant's leaves from the inside of the plant	Transpiration	7%
Heart ___ carry a risk of rejection and the patient will have to take drugs for the rest of their life	Transplants	7%
___ cells divide but usually can't make antibodies	Tumour	7%
They open when the plant has lots of water because the cells press against one another in ___and create a space	Turgor	7%
When water moves into a plant cell and causes vacuole to swell, pressing cytoplasm against cell wall and building pressure	Turgor	7%
Place in boiling tube using forceps, cut side facing ___	Up	7%
Excess proteins are broken down into the chemical ___	Urea	7%
Introducing dead/inactive pathogen to body to stimulate immune response	Vaccination	7%
Has ___ so blood flows in the right direction	Valves	7%
An organism that transmits a pathogen from one organism to another	Vector	7%
Gas exchange surfaces in animals are often ___ (air moves in and out)	Ventilated	7%
RP ONION EPIDERMIS: ___ goes in the middle of a clean slide	Water	7%
___ containing oxygen enters the fish through the mouth and passes out through the (above)	Water	7%
These are often used in making medicines - mint and ___-hazel are mild antiseptics	Witch	7%
Make ___ streaks of bacteria on the agar using the loop.	Zigzag	7%
___ ___ ___ around them show where bacteria could not grow.	Zones of inhibition	7%